Shirodhara is a Murdhni Taila therapy in which medicated oil, milk, buttermilk, or decoction is poured in a continuous, rhythmic stream over the Ajna Marma (forehead area between eyebrows). This procedure is designed to calm the Manovaha Srotas (channels of the mind) and stabilize Prana Vata and Sadhaka Pitta.

Sanskrit: 

(शिरोवस्ति / Śirovasti)

• The term Śiro Vasti is derived from:
• “Śiraḥ” = head, and
• “Vasti” = to retain or contain.
  Thus, Śiro Vasti literally means “the retention of medicated oil over the head region.”
  It is a specialized Snehana Karma (oleation therapy) described in the Panchakarma Upakrama of Ayurveda, primarily indicated for disorders of the Urdhva Jatrugata Pradesha (region above the clavicle).

Ayurvedic Principle: 

• Śiro Vasti is both a Murdhni Taila procedure (head oleation therapy) and a Br̥ṃhaṇa Chikitsā (nourishing therapy). It pacifies the aggravated Vāta and Pitta Doshas in the head region, stabilizes the functioning of Prāṇa Vāyu, Sādhaka Pitta, and Tarpaka Kapha, and nourishes Majja Dhātu (nervous tissue).
• By lubricating the cranial nerves and soothing the higher centers of the brain, it enhances Srotoshodhana (cleansing of microchannels) and Mano-Vṛtti Prasādana (mental calmness).

Procedure:

Preparation (Pūrvakarma):

• A gentle Abhyanga (head and neck oil massage) is performed with medicated oils such as Ksheerabala Taila, Dhanwantaram Taila, or Chandanadi Taila.
• The patient is seated comfortably on a chair or Droni (wooden therapy table).

Main Procedure (Pradhāna Karma):

• A leak-proof leather or herbal paste cap (made from black gram dough) is fitted snugly around the head above the eyebrows.
• Warm medicated oil is poured into this compartment and maintained at a consistent temperature (lukewarm) for 30–45 minutes.
• The oil is then gently removed and the head is wiped and cleaned with warm water or herbal decoction.

Post-Treatment (Paścāt Karma):

• The patient is advised to rest for 15–30 minutes, avoiding exposure to cold air or direct wind.
• Light, warm food and calm surroundings are recommended post-procedure.

Indications:

• Śiro Vasti is particularly effective in Vāta-Pitta predominance and neurological disorders related to the cranial and cervical region, such as:
• Ardhavabhedaka (Migraine headaches)
• Pakṣāghāta (Hemiplegia / paralysis)
• Insomnia (Anidrā)
• Khalitya & Pālitā (Hair fall and premature graying)
• Manya Stambha (Cervical spondylosis, neck stiffness)
• Anxiety, depression, stress-related disorders
• Trigeminal neuralgia, facial paralysis
• Diseases of sense organs (Netra, Karna, Nāsā)

Benefits (Chikitsā Phala / Therapeutic Outcomes):

• Pacifies aggravated Vāta and Pitta doshas in the cranial region.
• Enhances neurological strength by nourishing brain and nerve tissues.
• Improves cerebral circulation and oxygenation of scalp and brain tissues.
• Reduces stress, anxiety, and insomnia by calming the central nervous system.
• Improves memory, concentration, and mental stability.
• Prevents hair fall and premature graying, enhances scalp nourishment.
• Provides relief from chronic headaches, migraine, and tension.
• Improves sensory function (sight, hearing, smell) through better nerve nourishment.

Pharmacological and Medical Insight:

• From a modern physiological standpoint, Śiro Vasti induces a neuroendocrine balancing effect by influencing the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis.
  The gentle warmth and oil’s lipophilic nature facilitate transdermal absorption of active herbal constituents, leading to:
• Reduction in sympathetic overactivity,
• Stimulation of parasympathetic relaxation,
• Improved cerebral perfusion, and
• Neuro-muscular relaxation.

Commonly Used Medicated Oils:

• Ksheerabala Taila — for Vata disorders, insomnia, and nerve weakness
• Dhanwantaram Taila — for neurological and rheumatic conditions
• Brahmi Taila — for anxiety, mental fatigue, and memory enhancement
• Chandanadi Taila — for Pitta disorders, headache, and burning sensations

Precautions:

• Should not be done immediately after meals.
• Avoid cold exposure, loud sounds, and heavy mental activity post-treatment.
• Contraindicated in acute sinusitis, severe cold, or head injury.

Duration of Therapy:

• Single session: 30–45 minutes
• Therapeutic course: 7 to 14 days depending on condition